Cayo Largo del Sur, also known simply as Cayo Largo (cayo largo means long island), is a small resort island belonging to Cuba, in the Caribbean Sea no more than 25 kilometers (16 mi) long and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) wide. It is the second-biggest island in Cuba's Canarreos Archipelago and belongs to the special municipality of Isla de la Juventud.
Cayo Largo is a limestone island, formed over millions of years from the remains of marine organisms, such as the ones that build coral reefs. Living coral reefs form one more attraction for tourists on this island, although coral bleaching has stressed some reef communities in the Caribbean. The northern coast of Cayo Largo consists largely of mangroves and salt pans. While the water south of the island appears clear enough to reveal the underlying ocean floor, the water on the north side of the island is cloudy. This cloudy water indicates that sediment is washing off the land surface and into the water or is being stirred up from the shallow sea floor. In November 2001, the entire island was covered by storm surge in Hurricane Michelle.
Christopher Columbus is said to have visited the island on his second expedition in 1494, and Sir Francis Drake may have also stopped on the island during his circumnavigation of the globe. Pirates also likely used the island as a base.
Today, pristine beach, scuba diving, and wildlife draw tourists to the island, but no people live there permanently; locals who work in the hotels stay for about 20 days, then return to their families on nearby islands. There are five all-inclusive resort hotels on the island. Flights from Argentina, Italy, and Canada serve the island. A large catamaran style ferry provides surface transportation.
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